The sucker-rod pumping is in the lead of mechanical oil production in the world.

有杆抽油是世界采油工程中一直占主导地位的机械采油方式。

All these make the diagnosis of sucker-rod pumping being a difficult problem in the oil production field for a long time.

因此抽油机的故障诊断一直是油田生产领域的一个难题。

During oil production, sand production in loose sandstone reservoir because of fluid washout often causes formation damage and production drop, sometimes as worse as casing damage and well abandonment.

石油开采过程中,由于水动力的冲刷等作用引起的疏松砂岩储层出砂,会导致储层损害和产能降低,甚至造成套管损坏、油井报废。